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Credit card fraud: the biggest card frauds in history
With the introduction of chip and pin systems the 'golden age' of credit card fraud seems to be coming to an end, but sophisticated criminal gangs are still trying to scam millions from credit cards.
Worried about fraud?
Learn the tell-tale signs and how to protect yourself
The good news is, that if you are scammed or a victim of card fraud you should be able to claim a refund from your bank or card provider.
£17 million stolen - the biggest UK credit card fraud
In the mid 2000s, a gang of international fraudsters managed to steal the details of over 32,000 credit cards. They used this information to create clone credit cards and scam at least £17million over a period of several years.
The gang members lived a life of luxury on the money: purchasing English mansions, Spanish villas, and a portfolio of other London properties; enjoying first class travel and five-star holidays; and spending a small fortune on designer clothes and shoes.
The scam was masterminded by Russian and eastern European criminals operating out of London with a sophisticated money laundering system, shifting money from the UK to Poland to Estonia, Russia, the United States and the Virgin Islands.
Caught by chance
It began to unravel when a gang member was caught, by chance, during a routine anti-terror check by a transport police officer who grew suspicious when they found forty mobile phone top-up cards.
This began an investigation that finally put to a stop to the scam in 2007. Five men were jailed with sentences up to five and half years.
Card fraud in the UK - your rights
Despite this story, credit card fraud has been steadily falling in the UK since the introduction of chip and pin technology and growing reach of cyber crime investigation teams with law enforcement agencies.
If you are a victim of credit card fraud, where you are scammed by a rogue trader or your card is showing transactions you are unaware of, you should be able to claim a refund as your card is protected Section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act and the Payment Services Regulations 2009: Section 75 Payment Services Regulations 2009 - If any unauthorised transactions are made with your card your provider should offer you a refund.T his applies whether your card has been cloned, or if any transactions were made after you reported it lost or stolen.
For online shopping the majority of UK credit cards are protected by Verified by Visa and MasterCard SecureCode which adds an extra password (and layer of protection) to online purchases.
The biggest credit card scam ever - $200 million
America likes to do things big, and their credit card scams are no exception. The biggest card fraud to date was committed by a gang of eighteen criminals from New York, who managed to steal $200 million before being stopped.
The story wouldn't be out place in a Hollywood movie, with the fraudsters using their ill-gotten gains to live the high life: buying luxury cars; holidays; and millions of dollars worth of gold.
A three-step scam
This scam was more elaborate than the simple card cloning techniques used in the British and Australian frauds.
Instead, the American fraudsters created thousands of false identities with addresses across the US and in eight countries around the world.
The card fraudsters created all the information and documents needed to make false profiles with America's major credit agencies. Black market businesses were employed to provide fake credit histories for these false profiles.
With perfect credit scores for their fake identities, they would apply for large loans and credit cards with high limits.
The money from these cards was spent in a network of sham companies and businesses in on the scam, which laundered the cash. Tens of millions of dollars were wired overseas to Pakistan, India, the United Arab Emirates, Canada, Romania, China and Japan.
The FBI shut the scam down in 2013 and 18 people were jailed on charges of defrauding both banks and the United States. The longest sentence handed down was 30 years.
The end of US card fraud?
Banks in the United States are rolling out the same chip and pin security system we've had in Europe and the UK since 2004. As well as the benefits to US cardholders, this should help cut the cases of stolen UK cards being used for fraud in the US.
Credit cards - more secure than ever
As well as being some great true crime stories there are two things to take from these frauds.
Even the most sophisticated scams unravel in the end. The authorities spend considerable time and effort to crack cases and collaborate with investigators worldwide to make sure fraudsters don't escape.
Cardholders' money is protected from scammers with regulations that ensure it's the card provider and bank that foots the bill and is the ripped off party. This incentivises them to protect your credit card and money, as well as to pursue card scammers.
Finally, while there are plenty of horror stories in the press of card frauds and people being scammed, the technology and security measures behind credit cards are becoming increasingly sophisticated making it harder for criminals to steal money.
This also applies to new contactless card and Apple Pay payment methods are very secure, with measures in place to stop unauthorised spending on these cards.
Worried about fraud?
Learn the tell-tale signs and how to protect yourself